Non-Neoplastic Cytology: A Comprehensive Guide by Syed M. Gilani, Guoping Cai

Cytology evaluates cellular details, and in contrast, histology relates to tissue assessment with rather preserved architecture. During daily cytology practice, we frequently encounter certain situations which are often challenging such as differentiating normal cytology components or non-neoplastic lesions from a neoplastic process, abnormality versus artifact, contaminants from lesional sampling, immunostain expression in unexpected cells, identifying/or characterizing infectious microorganisms and use of special stains. In-depth knowledge about normal tissue cytology, the pattern of immunohistochemical expression in various organs, and recognizing diagnostic pitfalls would help to overcome diagnostically challenging situations.